College Pressures Essay

In the United States, college is a journey that can teach students some of the most important lessons that they will carry throughout their lives. Author William Zinsser write in his essay â€Å" College Pressures † that students can face a wide variety of pressures like parental, economical to even the most common type, self induced pressure. Although college is supposed to help students develop as individual people, they are placed into an environment that is extremely competitive when it comes to over all grades. This creates students that torture themselves over the grade places on their transcript and can increase the need for some students to look for an escape. Also, this type of self induced pressure can lead a student to make negative health choices. With these ingredients mixed together, self induced college pressures can influence students to make bad decisions. The overwhelming self induced pressure to get good grades affects students in a way that they make choices that negatively impact their health and well being. Zinsser states, â€Å"long gone are the days of a â€Å"gentleman’s C† ‘(452). Nowadays, students think that getting a â€Å"C† is equivalent to failing. Not only do they want to succeed but this pressure has cause some students to look for a way to gain an edge by using illegal prescription drugs that allow them to study for hours on end. Ritalin is one of the most common drugs used to gain this advantage. Vitamin â€Å"K† as it’s called is a drug that increases alertness and concentration in people with attention deficit disorder when it’s prescribed by a doctor. There is an alarming and increasing trend in the use of this drug across college campuses in the United States. According to professor and researcher Allan Desantis of the University of Kentucky, forty five percent of students interviewed at that campus stated that they use or have used Ritalin without a prescription to study long hours before a test. The long term affects, as stated by Allen Desantis, can lead to irregular heartbeat, cardiac arrhythmia and psychosis. This type of illegal use of Ritalin is dangerous not only due to its health affects but it gives a false edge that can lead students to be dependent on its use even when they get into the public work force. The pressure student’s face from their studies demands an escape from time to time. For most students, this escape is found in socializing. Zinsser states â€Å". . . they (students) are no introverts† (455). College life demands that students be social beings. What a better place than a university or college campus! For most students, college is the first time they are away from home or the first time they are left to make their own decision in the real world. This type of absence of authority gives students a false sense of freedom to do as they like. When the stress from their studies starts to build up, alcohol is one of the easiest drugs to use as an escape. It is very rare that you find a college party with no alcohol thus students are more likely to drink when socializing. According to the Core Institute, seventy percent of college student between the ages of eighteen and twenty four have reported to be binge drinkers. Since there is no type of authority present, the exercise of self control when it comes to drinking can be very minimal and leads to this excessive use of alcohol. Heavy drinking cause students better judgment to be impaired. In California alone, 1,825 students were injured in 2013 from traffic related accidents according to the national highway traffic safety association. Students need to be educated about the dangers of alcohol. For most students, college can be some the most memorable times in their lives. The self induced pressures that they create can ruin this by influencing them to make bad decisions. Not only do students over worry about their grade but they are forced by this worry and stress to look for an escape. Alcohol and prescription drugs are some of the dangerous remedies they turn to for relief. There need to be some type of education that teaches them about the dangers of using these drugs.

IKEA Global Strategy Essay

Introduction: A network that covers a broad area (i.e., any telecommunications network that links across metropolitan, regional, national or international boundaries) using leased telecommunication lines. Related terms for other types of networks are personal area networks (PANs), local area networks(LANs), campus area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area networks (MANs) which are usually limited to a room, building, campus or specific metropolitan area (e.g., a city) respectively. If you have a large campus network using routers and dynamic routing protocols and an internal infrastructure, you do not necessarily have a WAN. A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area. If your network uses a network infrastructure that is owned by your service provider, implementing WAN technologies, you have a WAN. Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through public networks, such as the telephone system. Body: The distinguishing features of a WAN: Sending data long distances Although distance is not a true criterion for determining whether your network is a WAN, most WANs do span a great distance, and the technologies used in the WAN depend a great deal on the distances involved. If your WAN spans only a single city, across town is a long way; nevertheless, your carrier may choose different technologies for that distance than they would if your network spanned a state, country, or continent. Although long distances are not criteria for defining a WAN, commonly, WANs do span substantial distances. Implementing routing protocols Routing protocols are also not true criteria for a WAN definition. A WAN can either use manual routing or implement a routing protocol such as RIP or EIRGP. Although larger, more complex networks like a national WAN may be  easier to manage when implementing a routing protocol, their use does not dictate that you have a WAN. A large corporation could have a single (but large) building or a campus of several buildings that causes the network to have several routers. To make life easier on the routing front, you could choose to implement one of the many available routing protocols. So, although most WAN environments make use of routing protocols, not all networks that implement routing protocols are necessarily WANs. Using carrier equipment Means the equipment from your telephone company that allows you to connect your network to the backbone of its network. These network connections can be digital subscriber line (DSL), frame relay, fiber optic, broadband cable, or another technology used by your telephone company or network provider. This component really turns a network into a WAN, allowing your traffic to travel between your locations while traversing another provider’s network, mainly your ISP or telephone company. In some cases, this traffic may cross several providers’ networks. If you are connecting two offices and they are in different countries, you may be crossing networks owned by a regional provider, which connects to a national provider and then crosses borders and travels across the other national provider to another regional provider before finally reaching your other branch office location. It is this use of other people’s networks that really defines use of a large LAN versus a WAN (LANs are covered in the next section). So, a WAN is not related to the size of your network, or to your choice of routing protocols, or to any other factors. Consolation: However, in terms of the application of computer networking protocols and concepts, it may be best to view WANs as computer networking technologies used to transmit data over long distances, and between different LANs, MANs and other localised computer networking architectures. This distinction stems from the fact that common LAN technologies operating at Layer 1/2 (such as the forms of Ethernet or Wifi) are often geared towards physically localised networks, and thus cannot transmit data over tens, hundreds or  even thousands of miles or kilometres. This could be to facilitate higher bandwidth applications, or provide better functionality for users in the CAN. A CAN, for example, may have a localised backbone of a WAN technology, which connects different LANs within a campus. The textbook definition of a WAN is a computer network spanning regions, countries, or even the world.

Efficient Market Hypothesis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Efficient Market Hypothesis - Case Study Example In fact investors can predict the future stock prices, based on the past stock prices and even by analyzing financial information such as company earnings and asset values. This paper would examine the relationship between EMH and the future predictions of stock prices based on technical and fundamental analysis. When stocks rose by high percentages the analysts could say that it was due to the efficacy of stock markets and therefore the positive rally reflected the true performance of the company. Efficient markets do exist in theory (Dobbins, & Witt, 1979). For example according to financial theory there are efficient stock markets that especially don't permit market manipulation by investors. However the practical scenario negates this proposition very often. For instance the rally of the stock could be attributed partially to the equity issue and not to the efficiency of the markets. According to many financial economists that future stock/share prices are partially predictable on the basis of past stock price patterns as well as some fundamental valuation metrics. Further economists pointed that these predictable patterns lead investors to earn excess returns with reference to excess risk adjusted rates. The following three problems explain why excessive reliance on fundamental financial analysis isn't going to benefit the investor or shareholder. As(a). Asset substitution problem As and when debt to equity ratio increases investors tend to substitute new assets through new investment thus relatively increasing debt in place of equity. Assuming that investing is riskier, there is still a fairer chance of success against failure thus obliging both debt-holders and share holders to condone such risky investment decisions on the part of management (Campbell, 1987). Successful investments on shares lead to cumulative share holder benefits while unsuccessful ones lead to cumulative debt-holder woes.(b). Underinvestment problem Investors would not hesitate to reject investment in shares with positive Net Present Value (NPV) because they would not be bothered to increase the value of the firm any more than to allow the accrual of benefits associated with riskier debt to debt-holders themselves rather than to share holders.(c). Free cash flow problem Finally there is the problem of free cash flow. In the absence of free cash flow benefits accruing to investors, the management has a tendency to reduce the value of the firm through prodigal behavior, such as granting bonuses and higher salaries. Therefore higher levels of leverage would act as a preventive factor of such behavior and ensure discipline. 2. Overall analysisNext there is the problem of taxes. When corporate taxes are considered the firm is entitled to interest expense deduction which enables it to increase value of its assets. According to Modigliani and Miller (1963) the tax exemption allows the firm to reduce the leverage-based premium in the cost associated with raising the equity capital. Subsequently Miller added personal taxes to the equation.Some authors go a long way to discuss the most efficient ways in managing systematic risk, unsystematic risk and total

ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT ASISGNMENT Case Study

ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT ASISGNMENT - Case Study Example The first task looks at both internal and external drivers of change and the second task focuses on the nature of change. The third task critically examines possible types of employee reaction to proposed change and the forth task deals with recommendations that can be implemented to execute the planned change. The conclusion sums up the main points discussed in the report. In this particular context of Blue Marina Restaurant, change is driven by both internal as well as external factors as going to be illustrated below. Schultz et al (2005) suggests that internal forces of change mainly concern the issues related to human resources in the organisation such as low productivity due to different factors. A close analysis of this case shows that there is lack of coordination between the waiting and kitchen staff and this is a major challenge with regards to maintenance of the desired levels of customer service. Customers are forced to wait for long hours to be served and in some cases they have to leave without being served their favourite dishes. In other words, employee productivity has significantly declined as a result of poor coordination among them which has stimulated change to be implemented in the operations of the company. On the other hand, profit margins have remained low and this can be attributed to external drivers for change. The poor performance of the organisation is mainly due to the economic crisis characterising the environment in which the company is operating in. The other external factor which has necessitated change is related to competition which has suddenly tightened as a result of new entrants into the market. These opened a pub and two new restaurants within the shopping mall and there is a growing cluster of similar businesses within the vicinity of Blue Marina. This entails that dissatisfied customers now have an alternative

Banking Globalization and Global Imbalances Essay

Banking Globalization and Global Imbalances - Essay Example As such, in order for a bank to operate profitably in the foreign market, it must be able to gain or realize gains that are not available to local competitors. These gains to be realized when a bank is operating in foreign financial sector usually stem from; geographical risk diversification, competitive and comparative advantage factors and efficiencies that are not attained when operating exclusively in the local markets. On comparative advantages, better intermediation technologies, superior management quality, and innovative products are among the factors frequently cited by both the internalization theory and the electric theory of multinational corporations (De Haas & Lelyveld 2010). However, these factors are not permanent in the case of banks diversifying internationally based on the assumption that financial firms usually have intangible assets that cannot be imitated and management quality is easily transferable. Information is a crucial comparative advantage for a bank to operate in abroad markets. Organizations prefer doing business with a less number of banks to ensure that their sensitive financial information is not revealed to too many financial firms. As such, once a bank establishes a relationship with an organization, it has a competitive advantage in serving the firm’s operations in the foreign markets. The increased importance of information in the banking sector has resulted to the shift from cross-border borrowing and lending towards the foreign banks’ local operations in the emerging countries (Mariotti & Piscitello, 2010). One of the best ways of exploiting comparative advantages arising from the private information in foreign markets is following the client. This means that banks usually expand in the countries where their client choose to invest so that they can be able to offer them services that they need.  

Methods Used For Magnesium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Methods Used For Magnesium - Essay Example Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal, belongs to the second group of s-block of the periodic table and is on the left side of the table. Magnesium is represented by â€Å"Mg† and has an atomic number of 12. The atomic weight of magnesium is 24.3050(6) and atomic volume of 14.0 cm3/mol. The electronic configuration is s2 2s2 2p6 3s2. Generally exhibits Hexagonal Close-packed lattice structure. The lattice dimensions of Magnesium at 25?C are Side length=0.32092 nm Height=0.52105 nm. At room temperature, actual c/a ratio reaches 1.6236 where magnesium becomes almost closely packed (Magnesium, 2000). It contains two electrons in the outer shell and being loses them in order to form a positive ion in the closed shell such as Mg+2. The energy level of magnesium is 3 as First energy level 2 Second energy level 8 Third energy level 2 Figure 1: Electronic configuration of magnesium Magnesium is silvery white or greyish, lightweight and strong metal. It is highly flammable metal and tar nished when in contact with air; therefore, it develops a thin layer of oxide. Magnesium is abundantly present in both earth crust and seawater due to its high solubility. However, magnesium is not present as free metal because of its reactive property (Gupta & Sharon, 2011). Magnesium has density of 1.738 g.cm-3 at 20?C. The melting point of Mg is 650?C and its boiling point is 1107?C. It has a heat of fusion of 8.48 kJ ·mol?1 and its heat of vaporization is 128 kJ ·mol?1, whilst its molar heat capacity is 24.869 J ·mol?1 ·K?1. Magnesium is a strongly basic oxidant. Other atomic properties of Mg include its electronegativity of 1.31 (Pauling Scale), the atomic radius of 160 pm, and covalent radius of 141 ±7 pm (Magnesium Facts, 2012). Moreover, magnesium is paramagnetic is nature and its other mechanical properties include Young’s Modulus of 45GPa, Shear Modulus of 17GPa and Bulk Modulus of 45GPa. The hardness value of Magnesium is 260MPa based on Brinell Scale. Th e oxidation number of magnesium is +2 and is been found in a number of compounds. Magnesium Oxide, also called magnesia, is the second most abundant metallic oxide in the earth after Aluminium Oxide. Other forms of magnesium in the compound state include hydrated magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O), also called Epsom Salt. Magnesium compounds also include Magnesium Carbonate and Magnesium Fluoride (Willett, 2007). Dolomite, magnesite, brucite, carnallite, talc, and olivine are the main commercial sources of magnesium. Due to the presence of Mg+2 ions, seawater is considered another major source of magnesium. Magnesium hydroxide precipitates can be formed by adding calcium hydroxide in seawater for obtaining magnesium (Avedesian & Baker, 1999). MgCl2 + Ca(OH)2 > Mg(OH)2 + CaCl2 Brucite is insoluble in water and can be transformed into magnesium chloride when reacts with hydrochloric acid. Magnesium, then, can be extracted from magnesium chloride by the electrolysis process. Mg (OH)2 + 2 H Cl > MgCl2 + 2 H2O In electrolysis process, Mg+2 ion is transformed into magnesium metal by adding two electrons at the cathode while chlorine ions are oxidized to chlorine gas by releasing two electrons at the anode. Mg2+ + 2 e- > Mg (Cathode Reaction) 2 Cl? > Cl2 (g) + 2 e- (Anode Reaction) Magnesium has three isotopes (e.g. 24Mg, 25Mg and 26Mg) available in significant amounts with 24Mg comprising 79% of total magnesium. 28Mg is radioactive in nature; however, its usage in the nuclear industry has been limited due to its short life (21 hours).  

Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Perspectives - Essay Example But if the actual origin of this concept is explored, it can be attributed to the discovery of the earth being a circle rather than a square. In fact, the spherical connotation wards of all the edges! The satellite pictures of the earth also show it as a unified area with patches of green and blue lending a symphony to its being. Even geology justifies the concept of 'global village'! But ponder before you get euphoric over this expression of rationality. The concept of globalization operates on near ideal conditions. These conditions rest on one major condition, subsequently. And the condition is that the whole world needs to have an access to this technology. And there lies the catch! Sitting in your Los Angeles office, you cannot even imagine the gravity of starvation and epidemic in so many Afro-Asian countries. When even basic needs are not met, who cares about Internet or satellite revolution Or in a more jargonistic way, who cares for or for that matter, even understands globalization. Globalization is an umbrella term that refers to increased interdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political and ecological spheres. Theodore Levitt is credited with the first use of this term in the economic context. It is very important to understand globalization in the economic context and attribute its origin to the West and see its ramifications as embraced by other societies. Ours is an age of democracy. Democracy as a form of government, characterized by elections and the installation of a representative government, has been becoming a global phenomenon. The fall of the socialist world and domestic and global changes in Latin America, Africa and Middle East have brought democracy to places and shores where it was undreamt a few years ago, giving people a taste of freedom. But the globalization of democracy as a form of more of more legitimate representative government has not been accompanied by genuine efforts to tackle the problems of democracy (such as tension between equality and liberty, the dictatorship of majority, the actual as well as manufactured disinterest of the so-called electorate process resulting in as much as 50 per cent of them not fulfilling their constitutional obligation to vote) and to widen the universe of democracy in accordance with the historical changes taking place in social systems as well as in the light of desired agenda o f transformation. The first wave of globalization was initiated by the British Empire during 1870-1914, when the whole world was virtually inducted into the extensive international trading relationships. This era collapsed after the First World War. It is pertinent to note that finance was not an important segment of that era's economy. Globalization therefore remained restricted to the domain of trade and direct (physical) investment. In fact, it was only after 1980s that this term got introduced in America. It became internationally popular in the 90s after the fall of Berlin Wall. Capitalism was declared to have been the winner of the Cold War over communism with which it was believed by many to have been in competition for three-quarters of a century. Now it was sold by the great powers to the world as the superior economic system, by sheer virtue of having outlived its rival.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

History - Essay Example Germany had a strategy to win the war by starving the British. So on February 4, 1915, it issued a formal declaration, warning neutral ships to stay away from the British waters or risk being sunk. Wilson strongly challenged this declaration making it clear the US government would not tolerate sinking of any of its ships. Subsequently, on May 7th, 1915, German U-boat sank the British ship Lusitania, resulting in deaths of over 100 American citizens. President Wilson lodged strong protests to the German government, which claimed that the British ship was carrying arms and ammunitions. After several months of diplomatic efforts, in April 1916, President sent an ultimatum to the German government to stop its policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. Germany complied and US entry to the Great war was put off. President Wilson was re-elected for having kept America out of war. However, in January 1917, frustrated by British naval blockade, Germany decided to reintroduce the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. This resulted in the US severing all diplomatic ties with Germany. Also, the British intercepted the coded Zimmermann Telegram telegram sent by Germany to Mexico. In the telegram, Germany had proposed alliance with Mexico should America join the war. In return, Germany promised to help Mexico in back states of Arizona, Texas and New Mexico. When this telegram was made public in the United States there was a huge public outcry, eventually forcing President Wilson to declare war on Germany. In an address to the congress, President Wilson said that loss of civilian lives as a result of unrestricted submarine warfare was inhumane and unacceptable and hence left no choice for the US but to join the war. He said that war was against the German government, and not the German people who were not consulted in this war. He also made it clear he would only be declaring war against Germany and not with the other allies, at least for the

Emergency planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emergency planning - Research Paper Example LOGISTICS deals with a broad range of activities including the acquisition and dissemination of all finances and resources required for emergency response, to and from the emergency site and EOC. Moreover, the logistics section also deals with the establishment and maintenance of communication at the EOC. Further, logistics deals with the coordination of all activities necessary for a prompt response to emergencies and recovery from disasters, including MAAs. Plans are developed in collaboration with a number of different stakeholders who partake in the emergency response process. The essence of including such stakeholders is that emergency response is a community-wide process that requires the participation of a broad range of stakeholders. As such, the Tampa county department continually undertakes to train the relevant stakeholder in order to ensure that they are capable of providing meaningful input that will assist in the delivery of a compact and appropriate emergency response plan. Moreover, these individuals play an important part in the continual review and update of the emergency response

Emotional intelligence and its role in leading, performance and Essay

Emotional intelligence and its role in leading, performance and wellbeing 2211 - Essay Example Intelligence, of any kind cannot be measured; however it can be assessed by asking different questions. Similarly in the case of EI as well, the most feasible way of measuring an individual’s emotional understanding capabilities is by asking different questions. Psychologists are often seen to follow this technique to understand and map the emotions of patients and understand exactly what kind of emotional problems they are undergoing. Different parameters are set and the responses provided by individuals are compared against the responses provided. It is then estimated whether the emotional intelligence quotient of individuals are high or low. Individuals must themselves be able to understand their emotions well so that they can accurately recognize the emotions of others (Schutte, et al., 1998). According to the studies conducted by Salovey and Mayer, emotional intelligence can be described as the sophisticated mental process whereby information regarding one’s own and others emotions are understood and meanings are derived. Emotional intelligence helps perceiving the feelings and thoughts of others and accordingly adapt with the people around. Understanding the emotions of others plays a significant role in the manner we behave and respond to them (Mayer, Caruso and Salovey, 1999). The ability model of emotional intelligence was proposed by Salovey and Mayer. They had developed an EI model describing the development of emotional intelligence from childhood to adulthood. The model is based on four branches. These are described as follows: Perception- Emotional intelligence requires an individual to perceive the emotions present in themselves and in others in a highly accurate way. Identification of emotions is seen to enhance and positively benefit the behavioural conduct of an individual. Perception involves understanding the body language, facial expressions, tone and manner of speaking so that adequate

Obesity Statistics Essay Example for Free

Obesity Statistics Essay Obesity statistics in Malaysia are getting scarier by the day. The World Health Organization (WHO) survey in 2010 ranked Malaysia as sixth in Asia with the highest adult obesity rate. Obesity statistics from the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey in 2006 showed that 43% of Malaysian adults were obese or overweight at that time. And these obesity statistics showed that overweight children were 38% of the child population in Malaysia. The recent WHO results of 2010 showed that 60% of Malaysians aged 18 and up, had a BMI over 25. A BMI of more than 25 means the person is overweight. In 2008, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) did research on the ‘prevalence of obesity among children’. The results were astounding, showing an increase of obesity of 30% in the 6 to 12 years old age group. In 2007, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) did a nationwide, all Malaysian states study on obesity, on Malaysians aged 15 years old and above. A person with a BMI of more than 30 was considered to be obese. Those overweight with a BMI reading of more than 25 were excluded. The UPM researchers found that females were more likely to be obese at 13.8% while men were at 9.6%. Malays and Indians had higher cases of obesity at 13.6% and 13.5%, while Chinese came in 8.5% of their population groups. Sarawak natives had 10.8% cases of obesity while the Sabah natives had the lowest at 7.3%. The data obtained were statistically significant (p 0.0001). All these obesity statistics have rung alarm bells at the Malaysian Ministry of Health. The Malaysian government is concerned on the health effects, productivity and the healthcare costs implications of an obesity epidemic in the country. The government notes that this obesity and overweight issue is far more serious in Malaysia than in other countries in the region. The Malaysian Ministry of Health had planned for another survey in 2011 to update these obesity statistics. This would have included a study on the incidences of diabetes and kidney diseases in Malaysia. But no results are available as of now.

The Policing Of Drugs Criminology Essay

The Policing Of Drugs Criminology Essay Canada has a problem with drug suppliers and the individuals that use these drugs. Canada has a unique way of dealing with the problem that has been working effectively. This is supply reduction, demand reduction, prevention, treatment, harm reduction and public education and The police and the communities all working together toward the goal of reducing drugs all over Canada. It is important to target the communities and make sure that they understand what the ongoing problem is so that they can contribute to eliminating the source. (University, 2011) The whole community must be involved in the needs of society when members are dealing drugs in their community. Individuals must not ignore this serious situation. It may not seem that dire if your neighbour is selling drugs but it really is that dire. There will be increased amount of traffic from individuals looking to purchase drugs at all hours of the day and night. It provides an unsafe environment for all the families that live near or around these types of unwanted behaviours. Drugs bring a whole list of concerns to the table such as many types of unwanted individuals will be trolling the neighbour from drug addicts to gangs. There is concern that there could be break-in on houses and cars because of drug addicts needing items to sell or trade for drugs. Gang members are usually the ones mostly selling the drugs. This is because this is where they frequently get their primary source of income. This is so that they will be able to fund other illegal activities that will benefit them even more. The many types of illegal activities they could be involved in are organized prostitution, weapons related offences, smuggling of individuals, travel document counterfeiting or credit card skimming. Gangs use violence to increase their situation and use their unpleasant character to advance their illegal endeavors. Drug trafficking is commonly connected to other more serious crimes. It is often used to sponsor the more violent and detrimental behavior of the illegal terrorist organizations. This is because of the major cash remuneration resulting from moderately negligible time and venture. The types of drugs they tend to sell are crack cocaine, ecstasy, crystal methamphetamine and marijuana. Gangs tend to sell drugs on the streets or from inside a home in communities. This can lead to turf wars or fights over drugs and who gets to sell in which territory. Drugs can be quite profitable if the gang has enough clients so situations of gang violence in communities can be worrisome to all involved living in and around these types of individuals. The problem with drugs is far reaching and has many consequences than just the end user because along the way many other illegal activities are occurring. A major concern is individuals making or growing drugs in houses. Houses in which have been used for growing marijuana need to be condemned, as they are not fit for living in due to number of health concerns. One such problem is the amount of mold due to all the moisture in the house. It is important to make sure that individuals are safe but there is a far larger concern than the growing of marijuana. One such problem would be the methamphetamine labs exploding are a huge concern a s they affect the houses around them with a potential fire or even result in fatalities. Individuals in the community must not fear speaking out against the drug dealers. It is important to notify the police and work with your communities to control the problem. Catching a problem before it explodes into a more severe problem assists to remove the situation from the communities. When individuals are on drugs this poses a danger to innocents such as children and pets when individuals are on drugs. Drugs cause individuals to fight and be disorderly in their conduct. Educating the public is important so that they understand what to look for and what they need to be reporting to make their community a safe place. Crime Stoppers are a great way for the general public to be able to make a complaint and help in eliminating drugs in their communities. The Calgary Police Service has been effective in recruiting police officers that operates as the liaison between the police services and Crime Stoppers. The Calgary Police services Gang Strategy Unit and the Drug Unit working with Crime Stoppers, can do a lot to prevent and reduce the harmful effects of drugs. This could be in the form of recommending the users attend drug rehab or forcing them through arrests as part of a rehabilitation program. Making sure that the dealers and gang members are arrested and procedures are put in place so that they cannot easily have access to selling drugs. This could be through bail requirements or the sentencing of having a curfew, no cell phone usage, no associating with other known offenders. Many types of other offenses are involved with the problem of drugs. It is important that all the units work together to share vital information to allow for the most effective means of preventing the drugs on the streets and in homes. (The Calgary Police, 2011) The Calgary Police Service and the Calgarys Gang Strategy unit is dedicated to bringing to a halt the violent behavior and eliminating the illegal actions of the gangs that surround drug dealers. The Organized Crime Operations Centre or the OCOC has been developed to organize the prevalent resources essential to deal with the present gang predicament directly. The organization is able to exchange vital information, methods and demonstrated approach with other North American metropolitan cities that have effectively dealt with the illegal gang behavior. The Calgary Police Service has established an inclusive initiative to curb the gangs unsuitable behavior. The Calgary Police Service has a four-point gang strategy, which is through education, prevention, investigation and disruption. (The Calgary Police, 2011) The Drug Unit coordinates investigations of illegal drug distribution within Calgary. It is responsible for investigating street-level drug dealers, targeting crack houses and other locations where drug use may be common. Certain officers are qualified to give expert testimony in court. Members of the Unit also deliver educational and awareness programs for various groups including schools, community associations and healthcare agencies. (The Calgary Police, 2011) It is important that the police and community are able to provide each other with valuable information. This is so that it keeps all organizations are current on the latest status of the safety of the communities. When communities work, together much can be achieved in terms of removing the unwanted behaviours from a particular community. Awareness is the key to initiating any type of investigation into drug issues. Undercover police are used to infiltrate the gangs that sell drugs to street level dealers. The problems associated with drug abuse endure and continue to expand in most areas of the globe. The international abuse of prohibited drugs and the drug trafficking state of affairs is becoming further multifaceted. Many factors contribute to this including the recreational drug abuser with a higher disposable income; a increase in demand and ease of accessibility for most varieties of prohibited drugs; the cultural, economic and political transformations caused by the instant interactions and globalization that have been the forerunner to progressively more wide open borders between many different countries. The drug trade involves all aspects of problems that contribute to the increase of drugs all over the world in most countries. This would be through the producers, growers, users, suppliers, couriers and dealers. (University, 2011) The illegal drugs are a substantial encumber on the Canadian economy and the individuals that abuse these substances. It has been estimated it may cost Canadians around $9 billion annually for the expanse of dealing with the drug issue. This would be including the court system, police services, imprisonment, productivity deficit, medical expenditures and work non-attendance. Those that are addicted to these illicit drugs can also be a threat to themselves, their families, and their communities. (University, 2011) The approach that the Canadian government has taken towards the drug is much different from other countries such as the United States, which has had a war on drugs. Canadas National Anti-Drug Strategy aims to prevent illegal drug use through these following methods: supply reduction, demand reduction, prevention, treatment, harm reduction. The strategy aims to enhance the necessary treatment programs, drug users health and everyone understanding of illegal drugs through education. (University, 2011) Community based programs are used to deal with deterrence, health endorsements, drug treatment, and harm reduction issues. Public education campaigns on substance use and drug abuse, with a specific focus on the youth, to provide Canadians with information to facilitate knowledgeable health and lifestyle decisions. (University, 2011) Supply Reduction is used to control the availability of drugs through stopping the production of crops, smuggling and trafficking. It is important to provide an alternative crop for farmers to grow if the illegal crop is to be prevented. If the drugs are not available for production or sale then supply reduction is working toward the intended goal. (University, 2011) Demand Reduction is meant to diminish the users or potential users from the drugs. This is through education and prevention programs that allows these individuals to learn more about the harm and damage of drugs in the hopes they will not use or they will discontinue using the drugs. The less people interested in purchasing the drugs the less demand a particular will have and the supply will be diminished from that point on. The drug treatment courts are a huge part of the demand reduction since they sentence drug users that have been charged with an offense due to their drug use. (University, 2011) Prevention is by way of the Prevention Action Plan that teaches the youth about illegal drugs and the problems associated with illegal drug use in the hopes of achieving prevention before they even begin. It is important to provide all kinds of information and real people to tell their stories of the hardships they had to bear because of an addition. The Treatment Action Plan, which works toward being able to sustain groundbreaking and efficient advances in the areas of drug treatment. This is to be able to effectively deal with and provide proper aid in their recovery to the addiction of the illicit drugs. (University, 2011) Harm Reduction is used particularly for policies or programs that aim to reduce the harm without necessarily requiring abstinence. if they can be shown to reduce drug-related harm rather than just reduce use and if they are not coercive or punitive in their approach. Some harm reduction strategies designed to achieve safer drug use may, range from simple practices such as needle and syringe exchanges to reduce the rates of needle-sharing among injecting drug users, which can spread HIV, to the more complex such as methadone maintenance treatment, supervised consumption facilities, street testing of drugs, and heroin prescription. (University, 2011) Enforcement actions are vital for preserving a definite amount of power over the flow of drugs in addition to imparting a substantial appearance of the social contempt of drugs. Illegal drug use is so complex and pervasive; it involves law enforcement at almost every turn. The justice-related costs associated with illicit drug use, including expenses for police, courts, and correctional services, have been estimated by the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse at about $2 billion annually (University, 2011) (Rehm et al., 2006). I agree with the way that the police force and the Canadian government have decided to deal with the drug problem. Educating and providing safe options is better than putting every drug user through court who has not committed a crime that deems an arrest. It is far too costly to deal with every drug user that exists within Canada. It is better to reduce the supply and availability of the unwanted drugs in the community. Educating the public is a far better option so that the community can understand all the factors of drugs and drugs users and the problem associated with this. There will always be drugs as there will be people wanting to use them. The Canadian government understands these problems. They have therefore has taken a more proactive approach to reduce the amount of people interested in abusing drugs. They are effective in providing treatment and new habits that will aid the individuals in not being as debilitated. This is through education programs, health care and needle exchange programs. No one can win the war on drugs since there will always be individuals that want an illegal escape from reality. As long as the government deems it illegal, the allure will persist. It would not be a good idea to allow harsh drugs such as cocaine or crystal methamphetamine to be legal but marijuana should be legalized, if only to be one less problem for the police to deal with. This is because it takes such a toll on the justice system and the police force. Illegal drugs cause suffering and long-term abuse for the individual and it is important that these in dividuals are given a second chance at creating a new life.

Programming for BIG Data Project

Programming for BIG Data Project Liliam Faraon Nowadays, the amount of data generated and stored without an operation has exceeded a data analysis capability without the use of automated analysis techniques. The exponential growth of data is greater than it has ever been seen, extracting useful information from all the data generated and transform it into understandable and usable information is the challenge. There is where data mining assumes an important role, plenty of tools are available for data mining tasks using artificial intelligence, algorithms, machine learning and many others. In the present work two datasets were analysed, one with R and the other one Python. All the analysis was based in the CRISP-DM basic concepts: Business Understanding, Data Understanding, Data Preparation, Modelling, Evaluation and Deployment. The full methodology was not applied in the project, but understanding parts of its process was fundamental, the steps are pretty straight forward and give a very good idea of every stage that data mining has to go through and the feedback brought from every stage. The project scope is limited to identifying patterns in the data rather than predicting future, which could be examined as part of further study of the subject matter. The present Project was divided into two different parts: Part 1: R Dataset Analysis and Part 2: Python Dataset Analysis. It contains also a brief contextualization about the Big Data Context and the importance of data mining. We live in a time when the pursuit of knowledge is indispensable. Today, information assumes a growing importance, and a necessity for any sector of human activity, due to the many transformations we are witnessing. At every moment, we are facing new concepts and trends and we are amazed at how quickly they are occurring and affecting our lives, such as the technology that influences all sectors, social environments and touches every business and life on the planet. The article written by Bernard Marr, and published by Forbes last year brings some statistics that convince that big data really needs attention: More data has been created in the past two year than in the entire history of human race; By 2020 around 1.7 megabytes of new information will be generated every second for every human being on the planet. Every second we create new data, a good example: only on Google 40.000 searches and queries are generated every second, which makes the huge amount of 1.2 trillion searches a year. Facebook users send on average 31.25 million messages and view 2.77 million videos every minute. Only in 2015, 1 trillion photos were taken and billions of them were shared on line. In 2015, over 1.4 billion smart phones were shipped, all capable of collecting different sorts of data and by 2020 the world will have over 6.1 billion smartphone users globally. Within five years there will be over 50 billion smart connected devices worldwide, all developed to collect, analyse and share data. Retailers that leverage the full power of big data would be able to increase their operating by as much as 60%. Now, only less than 0.5% of data is analysed. All the Big Data generated, have some characteristics: Rapid increasing volume, variety, velocity and data storage and transfer, gathering and analysing it all became a huge challenge, but by using specific programs designed to analyse the information on algorithms based will overcome the challenges and the output can be used to enable the decision-making process. For the R Project, a very specific database was analysed: Tourists Visiting the South of Brazil, The information was obtained in the Government website, in the Tourism division. 1.1 Business Understanding Tourism is an important sector that has an impact on development of nation economy. For many countries, the tourism is the most important source of income and jobs generation. Brazil is the fifth biggest country in the world with 8,511,965 sq km of area and the nation is divided into 5 regions: North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast and South Regions. The Best in Travel 2014, by Lonely Planet guide classified Brazil as the best tourist destination in 2014. According to the official Brazilian Tourism Website Around 6 million people visit the country every year, it is considered the main touristic market in South America and the second in Latin America. It is estimated that only around 17% of all tourists visiting Brazil go to the South region, composed by three States: Parana, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Having in mind those numbers and the knowledge that the most visited places in Brazil do not include the South of the country a dataset was analysed to get some information and find out how many visitors have been there and where they were from. 1.2 Data Understanding Source data: http://www.dadosefatos.turismo.gov.br/estat%C3%ADsticas-e-indicadores.html Format: csv, comma-separated Size: 3.46MB Number of rows: 73.392 Columns: 1 Continent 2 Country 3 State 4 Year 5 Month 6 Count The technologies used were Excel and R Studio. 1.3 Data Preparation The first downloaded version had 534.792 rows, it included the tourism information from all the 26 states and it was based on data from 1989 to 2015. It was a quite huge dataset that would not be convenient to extract useful outputs as Brazil had been through many economic and social changes in this period. Excel was used to exclude the information from other states as well as the years before 2005. As the dataset was all provided in Portuguese Language the code was used to facilitate visualization: The next step was looking at the data, for a better understanding, Dimensions, Names, Classes and Summaries codes were written: Results: Some table codes were written to count each combination of factor levels: Results: The code round was run to specify number of decimal places: Results: 1.4 Modelling A Linear Model was written to generate a better data visualization and analysis of variance:   Ã‚   Some graphs were generated to have a better understanding about how many tourists visiting each of the states: A Bar plot was generated for better visualisation: The same parameters were used to generate pie charts: Parana with 33,01% and Santa Catarina with 29,48% have a very similar number of visitors and Rio Grande do Sul is the most visited place with 37,51%. With a little bit of research the percentage can be understood, as Rio Grande do Sul is the larger of the three states, having more options for the visitors and Some of the biggest manufacturing industries factories in the country are located in that area. After visualizing where the tourists go it is important to know where they come from. For that reason, some graphs were also generated: Graphic: The same parameters were used to generate some other graphics: After analysing isolated information, a graph relating year and states was generated: It was also generated a graphic listing all countries that visited the South of Brazil in the period: A flowchart was designed to represent the algorithm workflow process: Preparing data for a plot: 1.5 Evaluation Compiling the dataset into graphics and tables facilitated data visualization and brought some very important evidence that can be used for many purposes, specially marketing reasons, on defining an action plan based on what can be done to bring more tourists to the south region. The graphs showing the percentages of tourists, were the ones that caught the attention, Europe had the larger number of visitors with 37,7%, followed by South America with 22%, Asia with 11,7%, Africa with 9,2%, Central America and Caribbean with 8,8%, North America with 5,5% and at last Oceania with 5,1%. Looking at these proportions a few questions were raised and research was necessary. Some important facts showed up: the dataset brings only the number of people travelling for leisure purposes, it does not count the amount of people on business, with could impact on the numbers, especially from North America, as many of them visit the country for business purposes and extend their stay on holidays. Another very important factor is that the information was collected in the first stop in the country, and all the three states in the South do not have a large airport, usually they arrive by connection flights coming from Sà £o Paulo or Rio de Janeiro, where the main international airports are situated. The last very important element that could impact on the number of visitors, is the fact that the south of Brazil does not have a tight control of their borders and many people arrive by land, usually driving from other countries in South America. As said before the tourism sector can be very explored and it can impact in the revenue generation. According to the International Congress Convention Association (ICCA) Brazil is the host of many international events in Latin America and the seventh in the world, so why not leverage on the information brought and attract all those events to the South of Brazil? The numbers in the dataset look a bit too similar for every year related to the count of people visiting the states, but anyway it provides very useful information. It is also very important to observe that Brazil is also accessed by boat and land, specially by tourists coming from Central and South America, as there is no border control some of the numbers might be slightly different. The project scope is limited to identifying patterns in the data rather than predicting future which could be examined as part of further study of the subject matter. 2.1 Business Understanding Every time a famous person passes away the media makes news; some deaths even take the elements of scandals, especially when there is the suspect of a suicide, people follow the reports all over the world. The year of 2016 seemed to be very sad for the famous people, with an unusual number of deaths observed. An article from the 22nd of April, 2016 on BBC News website reported that by April the number of celebrities deaths was double as the previous years, and even said: the number of significant deaths this year has been phenomenal. But comparing to the years before, is it true? Based on a dataset available on kaggle.com, that compiled information available on wikipedia.org, some questions were asked: Did more celebrities die in 2016 than in the last 5 years? Was suicide the most cause of deaths? What were the reasons for the deaths in 2016? Were the reasons different from the 5 years before? What would be the main causes of death for each age group? 2.2 Data Understanding Source data: https://www.kaggle.com/hugodarwood/celebrity-deaths Format: csv, comma-separated Size: 1.47 MB Number of rows: 14.880 Columns: 1 age 2 birth_year 3 cause_of_death 4 death_month 5 death_year 6 famous_for 7 name 8 nationality The technologies used were Excel and Python 3.6 2.3 Data Preparation The original downloaded version had 21.562 rows, with a quick look through the data, a few abnormalities were shown, a number of duplicated cells and rows was observed, also some birth_year did not correspond to real birth year, there were also some animals among humans (specially racehorses and dogs). Excel was used to exclude the duplicated data, to clear some odd information and to exclude the deaths from 2006 to 2010, as the project idea was analyse only the past five years. The first step was reading the table through pandas: Looking at the classes and missing values: As it is clear there are many missing values of cause of death. Looking at the most common causes of death: * It seems like many celebrities tend to die from cancer and heart failure. 2.4 Modelling A bar plot was generated for better visualization: The article from BBC was not entirely wrong, in 2016 more famous people died, compared to the 5 previous years. Looking for the answer for the second question, a bar plot about the suicide rates was generated, was suicide the main cause of deaths? It cannot be said that suicide was the main reason for the deaths. As seen on the previous graphic there is a percentage of celebrities that commit suicide, but comparing 2016 to the five previous years and comparing with natural deaths, a new bar plot was created: Compared to the previous years, 2016 did not seem as bad as the papers and social media claim, as the suicidal rate was only higher than 2014, in this way it cannot be affirmed that the main cause of celebrities deaths in 2016 was self-murder. Just for information a graphic was created to illustrate which is the month when more famous people tend to take their lives: As the bar plot displays September is the month showing a highest level of suicide, while June appears as the lowest. The figures generated from the data set brought a few information so far, proving that 2016 was a sad year for famous people, it also showed that suicide was not the main cause of death. To find out what the main reasons were a bar plot was created: Appears that cancer killed more famous people, at least in the year of 2016. Still comparing 2016 to the five years before an average number of deaths by cause was called, to investigate: The comparison shows that compared to the five years before more famous people died due to more Cancer and Traffic collision, all the other reasons seem to follow the same pattern. Just out of curiosity and to have a better understanding from the facts, the dataset was categorized into age groups: Some pie charts were created to illustrate the cause of death by age group: It is very important to bring to attention that in the child group there were only five rows and that is why the percentages are very high. It is very challenging trying to analyse the deaths related to the age group as there were many missing data specially when it comes to cause of death. As a matter of fact, as common sense, the older people get the age-related diseases appear more in the graphics. A flowchart was designed to represent the algorithm workflow process: In cause_of_death column = suicide 2.5 Evaluation Compiling the dataset into graphics and tables facilitated data visualization and brought some very important information about the celebrity death from 2011 to 2016. The missing values made the difference when trying to get deep information, especially when it comes to cause of death. It was pretty obvious from the data that 2011 the number of dead famous per year increased slightly, however not all the celebrities in the list would actually be considered as such by many people. It was cleared that the suicidal rates are not as high as the media claims and it is not the main cause of death and The increase in the number of news about famous peoples death can also be happening because more people have access to the internet, social media and seem to talk more about it. It is important to remember that the project scope was limited to identifying patterns in the data rather than predicting future. I could not say it was an easy task choosing and analysing two datasets. As I am not a student with any IT background some of my ideas as an outsider were completely mistaken, as I did not know how difficult it can be to write codes and get information from the datasets. It took me a while to understand the basics of how the Python an R work, and I consider I have done a good work. I can tell that I went through an incredible learning journey since I started the Data Analytics course at National College and I have learned a huge volume of new skills. To get the present project done I watched uncountable number of videos, I tried many different environments until I felt comfortable to start the project itself, it also took me a while to find the right dataset and the right questions, but after seeing the graphics and tables I realised I could really get through and do a good project. As our course dedicated more time to Python and have always reading about R as a very difficult data analytics tool I confess I was terrified about it, that is why I decided to start the R Project first, but I had a very good surprise, the program is easier to use than I thought, even with my very little knowledge. Working with a dataset that I am familiar with made it simpler as well, I have always worked in marketing environments and had the curiosity to know more about tourism in the South of Brazil, where I was raised. I consider I found out important information, that maybe could be very valuable for companies investing in services and tourism. For the Python project, I decided to work with the celebrity-deaths dataset just out of curiosity, as almost every single day during the year of 2016 I saw on twitter the #celebritydeaths2016. But after analysing the dataset I found out that there is only a slightly evidence that more famous people died during the year of 2016 it cannot be said that it was the worse year or predict anything for the future. I have also found out that suicide is not the main reason for their deaths as the social media reports. The idea of both projects was to identify and extract patterns in the data, which I believe has happened. References Big Data: 20 Mind-Boggling Facts Everyone Must Read. Available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2015/09/30/big-data-20-mind-boggling-facts-everyone-must-read/#56eaf8456c1d. [Accessed: 10 December 2016]. Business Dictionary. Available at: http://www.businessdictionary.com. [Accessed: 09 December 2016]. Estatà ­sticas e Indicadores. Available at: http://www.dadosefatos.turismo.gov.br/dadosefatos/home.html   [Accessed: 09 December 2016]. Lantz B., 2013, Machine Learning with R, Packt Publishing IBM, 2011, IBM SPSS Modeler CRISP-DM Guide, IBM Corporation. Available at: http://www-staff.it.uts.edu.au/~paulk/teaching/dmkdd/ass2/readings/methodology/CRISPWP-0800.pdf [Accessed: 11 December 2016]. Ministà ©rio do Turismo. Available at: http://www.turismo.gov.br/ [Accessed: 19 December 2016]. Skill: Data Analysis. Available at: https://15-5103.ca.uts.edu.au/skills/data-analysis/ [Accessed: 09 December 2016]. Why so many celebrities have died in 2016? Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-36108133 [Accessed: 26 December 2016]. Source data: http://www.dadosefatos.turismo.gov.br/estat%C3%ADsticas-e-indicadores.html Source data: https://www.kaggle.com/hugodarwood/celebrity-deaths

Prayer in Public School Essay -- Religion Education

In the heart of every religion, there is a way to express one's deepest thoughts and feelings--prayer. Prayer is something that most people due naturally. Whether it is in the morning before you start your day, before a meal, before you go to sleep, or when you just feel the need to express your feelings, prayer is always there. Religious faiths believe that this is central to human life. Even those who are not religious pray. Prayer affects the material universe. Prayer can be defined as an earnest request; a humble entreaty addressed to God, to a god, etc (Webster's). We are allowed to pray publicly anywhere, as long as we don't pray out loud. Yet we all live in a society that does not allow prayer inside public schools. Prayer is also not allowed in public institutions, but we can pray in private institutions, such as church. There is so much emphasis put on prayer in public school, despite the fact that prayer is actually substantial. The First Amendment of the U.S Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for the redress of grievances" (Greenberg). This first amendment protects both believers and nonbelievers from government interference in their decision to pray. Students have the right to pray and read the Bible in public schools. Yet the educators and administrators who facilitate our schools cannot lead children in prayer or force them to pray. The constitution also prohibits the following: requiring students to recite prayers in class, saying public prayer at high school games and teachers and co... ... taught, perceived and demonstrated. Religion is a touchy subject and you really have to know what exactly what you are talking about when trying to promote your religion. Prayer in school is also a touchy subject. One side of my family is pro prayer in school and the other is anti prayer in school. I believe that morally a prayer before you start you day is a healthy, productive and cleansing way to live life. Yet to say that praying in school is the way to go would be pushing it. I see prayer as a contagious thing. Not so much in a bad way though. As I stated earlier, when we as a class all gathered for the death of a fellow classmate, one person started to pray and without realizing it, he a started a trend. Prayer is a very powerful and meaningful way to express your deepest thought and feelings and it should be done however, wherever, and whenever you please.

The Awakening 3 :: essays research papers

Make Your Choice…   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is the purpose of life? What are we all reaching for? Many have pondered on this subject and have come to one conclusion – happiness. However, it is our choice whether to reach this state or not. In Kate Chopin's work, 'The Awakening,'; the main character, Edna, made her choice. She chose to be a slave to the world. She chose to live in the shadow of her husband. She chose to give into her society. It was these choices that kept her from her true passions and dreams, which was to live for herself. As one can see, sacrificing oneself for the good of another inhibits one from attaining true happiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many philosophers have dealt with the question of whether to live a life of servitude or to pursue one's greater happiness. Immanuel Kant stipulates that the more people cultivate their reason, the less likely they are to find happiness. He states that 'everyone is/should be aware of his/her duty, or how one ought to act.'; Everyone has a goal within himself/herself, and it is his/her responsibility to reach for it and achieve it. In 'The Awakening,'; Edna does not take responsibility. She tries her entire life to fit in the prescribed mold that her husband set for her. She invests so much time into duty and responsibility that she loses any happiness that she hoped to achieve. She was not aware of her 'responsibility as a human being.'; She was not 'aware of one's rational powers in the exercise of moral duty.'; Edna knew she was not happy living as a puppet. She wanted a change. With time, Kant noted, the person who devotes their life to reason finds themselves needing a release, in the end despising reason, and eventually pursuing only their true happiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In keeping with Kant's philosophy, Edna's life has been riddled with reason and duty, essentially giving herself away to the people around her. This devotion to those people causes her to break away from her normal life and moves her to focus on finding her inherent happiness. After being 'reasonable'; for the twenty-eight years of her life, Edna breaks down. She wants to pursue love and disregard her duty to her husband and children. She falls in what she considers girlish love with the character Robert. She proclaims to him, 'I love you…only you; no one but you.

Family and Gender Relations :: essays research papers

Assignment One – Short Essay ] Topic: Family and gender relations Drawing on the concepts of globalisation and globalism discussed in your textbooks and the Reader, address the following question: Does globalisation represent a radically new period in human history? Jan Scholte (2000:39) wrote about globalisation, that the only consensus is that it is contested. â€Å"People have held widely differing views regarding definition, scale, chronology, impact and policy (Scholte 2000:39). Use of the term globalisation is high and yet a common understanding of its meaning and where it fits in the history of mankind is frequently vague and based on assumption rather than evidence (Scholte 2000:1). Using one definition from many, of globalisation and globalism and the changes through history that sociologists have used to make sense of the phenomenon, this essay will demonstrate that while globalisation represents both a new and old period in human history, it can only be called radical in its recent state. The working definition of globalisation used in this essay, has been separated from Jan Scholte’s five broad definitions (2000:15). Deterritorialisation or supraterritorioality is based on the process of change to geography in which territorial boundaries become less important (Scholte 2000:16). This concept encompasses all other definitions that Scholte identified, as it has a wide focus which allows each to be occurring because of this change in geography. Robin Cohen and Paul Kennedy’s definitions of globalisation (Cohen and Kennedy 2000:11) are not in opposition with the concept of supraterritoriality, describing it ‘as the ways in which the world is being knitted together’ and ‘the objective, external ties that bind us together’. To fully understand globalisation it is necessary to differentiate it from globalism. It is described as the ‘subjective realm’, unlike globalisation which refers to a series of ‘objective changes in the world that are partly outside us’ (Cohan and Kennedy 2000:34). To simplify, this describes the collective way in which the world views itself as a result of globalisation. Globalism is seen as a result of globalisation and as such quite a new phenomenon (Cohan and Kennedy 2000:34). It is quite important to make this differentiation as many times when writers are referring to globalisation as new phenomenon they are using examples that are in fact forms of globalism, a distinctly different concept. Is globalisation a new or old? Opinions on this tend to cross over while identifying different phases. Cohen and Kennedy believe that globalisation can be traced back through history, but that its processes have accelerated in recent years (Cohan and Kennedy 2000:34).

J. Galsworthy. the Broken Boot A Sample of Complex Stylistic Analysis Essay

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892-1973) was a major scholar of the English language, specialising in Old and Middle English. Twice Professor of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) at the University of Oxford, he also wrote a number of stories, including most famously The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955). The name â€Å"Tolkien† (pron.: Tol-keen; equal stress on both syllables) is believed to be of German origin; Toll-kà ¼hn: foolishly brave, or stupidly clever – hence the pseudonym â€Å"Oxymore† which he occasionally used. His father, Arthur Reuel Tolkien, was a bank clerk. Mabel Tolkien was diagnosed as having diabetes, usually fatal in those pre-insulin days. She died on 14 November By this time Ronald was already showing remarkable linguistic gifts. He had mastered the Latin and Greek which was the staple fare of an arts education at that time, and was becoming more than competent in a number of other languages, both modern and ancient, notably Gothic, and later Finnish. He was already busy making up his own languages, purely for fun. He went up to Exeter College, Oxford in 1911, where he stayed, immersing himself in the Classics, Old English, the Germanic languages (especially Gothic), Welsh and Finnish, until 1913. As a result of this he changed his school from Classics to the more congenial English Language and Literature. Unlike so many of his contemporaries, Tolkien did not rush to join up immediately on the outbreak of war, but returned to Oxford, where he worked hard and finally achieved a first-class degree in June 1915. At this time he was also working on various poetic attempts, and on his invented languages, especially one that he came to call Qenya [sic], which was heavily influenced by Finnish – but he still felt the lack of a connecting thread to bring his vivid but disparate imaginings together. He and Edith married in Warwick on 22 March 1916.Their first son, John Francis Reuel (later Father John Tolkien) had already been born on 16 November 1917. When the Armistice was signed on 11 November 1918, Tolkien had already been  putting out feelers to obtain academic employment, and by the time he was demobilised he had been appointed Assistant Lexicographer on the New English Dictionary (the â€Å"Oxford English Dictionary†), then in preparation. While doing the serious philological work involved in this, he also gave one of his Lost Tales its first public airing – he read The Fall of Gondolin to the Exeter College Essay Club, where it was well received by an audience which included Neville Coghill and Hugo Dyson, two future â€Å"Inklings†. However, Tolkien did not stay in this job for long. In the summer of 1920 he applied for the quite senior post of Reader (approximately, Associate Professor) in English Language at the University of Leeds, and to his surprise was appointed. His family life was equally straightforward. Edith bore their last child and only daughter, Priscilla, in 1929. Tolkien got into the habit of writing the children annual illustrated letters as if from Santa Claus, and a selection of these was published in 1976 as The Father Christmas Letters. He also told them numerous bedtime stories, of which more anon. In adulthood John entered the priesthood, Michael and Christopher both saw war service in the Royal Air Force. Afterwards Michael became a schoolmaster and Christopher a university lecturer, and Priscilla became a social worker. They lived quietly in North Oxford, and later Ronald and Edith lived in the suburb of Headington. Meanwhile Tolkien continued developing his mythology and languages. She asked Tolkien to finish it, and presented the complete story to Stanley Unwin, the then Chairman of the firm. He tried it out on his 10-year old son Rayner, who wrote an approving report, and it was published as The Hobbit in 1937. It immediately scored a success, and has not been out of children’s recommended reading lists ever since. It was so successful that Stanley Unwin asked if he had any more similar material available for publication. By this time Tolkien had begun to make his Legendarium into what he believed to be a more presentable state, and as he later noted, hints of it had already made their way into The Hobbit. He was now calling the full account Quenta Silmarillion, or Silmarillion for short. He presented some of his â€Å"completed† tales to Unwin, who sent them to his reader. The reader’s reaction was mixed: dislike of the poetry and praise for the prose (the material was the story of Beren and Là ºthien) but the overall decision at the time was that these were not commercially publishable. Unwin tactfully relayed this message to Tolkien, but asked him again if he was willing to write a sequel to The Hobbit. Tolkien was disappointed at the apparent failure of The Silmarillion, but agreed to take up the challenge of â€Å"The New Hobbit†. Despite all the fuss over The Lord of the Rings, between 1925 and his death Tolkien did write and publish a number of other articles, including a range of scholarly essays, many reprinted in The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays (see above); one Middle-earth related work, The Adventures of Tom Bombadil; editions and translations of Middle English works such as the Ancrene Wisse, Sir Gawain, Sir Orfeo and The Pearl, and some stories independent of the Legendarium, such as the Imram, The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm’s Son, The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun – and, especially, Farmer Giles of Ham, Leaf by Niggle, and Smith of Wootton Major. After his retirement in 1959 Edith and Ronald moved to Bournemouth. On 22 November 1971 Edith died, and Ronald soon returned to Oxford, to rooms provided by Merton College. Ronald died on 2 September 1973. He and Edith are buried together in a single grave in the Catholic section of Wolvercote cemetery in the northern suburbs of Oxford. (The grave is well signposted from the entrance.) The legend on the headstone reads:

Anatomy of Human Essay

1. Review the anatomy of the brain. Which portion is responsible for keeping you awake, controlling thought, speech, emotions and behavior, maintaining balance and posture? 2. Know the function of the arachnoid villi. 3. Where is the primary defect in Parkinsons disease and Huntingtons? 4. What is the function of the CSF? Where is it produced? Where is it absorbed? 5. Review blood flow to the brain. 6. What is the gate control theory of pain? 7. Know the type of nerve fibers that transmit pain impulses. 8. Where in the CNS does pain perception occur? 9. Know different clinical descriptions of pain; pain threshold/tolerance 10. Know endogenous opioids. 11. What are the two types of fibers that transmit the nerve action potentials generated by excitation of any of the nociceptors. 12. What is the relationship between epinephrine and body temperature? 13. Know mechanisms of heat production and heat loss. 14. Know heat exhaustion and heat stroke? 15. Define the different stages of sleep. 16. Discuss disorders of the conjunctivia of the eye. 17. Which part of the eye controls movement of the eye? 18. What part of the brain must be functioning for cognitive operations? 19. Discuss the types of mid-brain dysfunction and its physical symptoms. 20. Know the best prognostic indicator of recovery of consciousness and functional outcome after a brain event. 21. Know vomiting with which CNS injuries. 22. Define seizure and status epilepticus. What is the medical significance? Know benign febrile seizures. 23. Know the characteristics of closed head injury. 24. Define dyskinesia. Types? Characteristics? 25. Know the stages of intracranial hypertension. 26. Know normal intracranial pressure. How does body compensate for increased  ICP? 27. Know the most critical index of nervous system dysfunction/function. 28. What is responsible for the tremors associated with Parkinsons Disease? 29. Define concussion. Know the different grades of concussion. 30. Know coupe and countercoup brain injuries and how they happen. 31. Know most common primary CNS tumor. 32. What happens to a patient after an acute spinal cord injury? Why is it life threatening? Describe the clinical manifestations. Why would their temperature fluctuate? 33. Know diagnostic criteria for vegetative state and brain death. 34. Define and discuss the different types of stroke, which affected artery causes what data processing deficits (agnosia, dysphasia, etc). 35. Know all types of cerebral edema and what causes each type. 36. Know characteristics of AV malformation. 37. Define and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Multiple Sclerosis. 38. Define and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Guillian Barre Syndrome. 39. Define and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Mysthenia Gravis 40. Define and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Parkinsons disease. 41. Define and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Huntington disease. 42. Prenatal and perinatal factors may result in what psychiatric condition? 43. What is schizophrenia? What part of the brain is associated with the S/S of this disorder? 44. Define depression and its types; know etiology. 45. How Does ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) treat depression? 46. Define generalized anxiety disorder. What is the underlying defect? Know characteristics. 47. Define panic disorder. What are the complications? 48. Define encephalocele, meningocele, spina bifida, myelomeningocele. Where is the defect located in each? 49. Know when the neural groove closes during embryonic development. 50. Know pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of cerebral palsy. 51. Know pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of PKU. 52. What nerves are capable of  regeneration?

Explain how the men and women in Shakespeare’s Othello misunderstand each other

Analysing the male and female relationships in William Shakespeare's Othello it is clear the sexes fail to understand each other, particularly on the men's part. Whilst the women are more mature and tend to overestimate the men, the men are consumed by their vanity and reputation and cannot accept women honestly. Desdemona and Othello's lack of understanding for each other contributes to their miscommunication. Othello cannot fully trust Desdemona because his love his too idealistic and he fails to comprehend her honest and realistic approach to love: She loved me for the dangers I had passed And I loved her that she did pity them. This implies that Desdemona's affections fuel his ego and he loves her for this more than anything else. Othello's worshipping of Desdemona prohibits him from truly understanding her: O my fair warrior! †¦If it were now to die, ‘Twere to be most happy; for I fear My soul hath her content so absolute That not another comfort succeeds in unknown fate.† He does not perceive her as human and capable of fault: †¦And when I love thee not, chaos is come again. Desdemona on the other hand does not romanticise Othello, but approaches their love realistically and maturely. She loves Othello for the person he is and does not shy from the topic of consummation: I saw Othello's visage in his mind. That I did love the Moor to live with him, †¦ if I be left behind†¦ The rites for which I love him are bereft me†¦ However, as much as Othello cannot understand her honest approach to love, nor can she comprehend his connection between their love and his honour. In this respect she overestimates Othello and fails to see his capacity for jealousy: †¦I think the sun where he was born Drew all such humours from him. Unwittingly, she wounds his pride by lying about the handkerchief and pursuing Cassio's disposition: I say it is not lost†¦ This is a trick to put me from my suit. Pray you let Cassio be received again. The women are seen by the men as possessions and criteria for their honour. Othello cannot conceive that Desdemona is her own person and could have emotions and opinions separate to his. She shows her assertiveness when she defends Cassio, but in doing so questions Othello's judgment. â€Å"You'll never find a more sufficient man.† Where sexuality is concerned, he seeks complete control over her. Her faithfulness is not only needed for his ego, (â€Å"Cuckold me!†) but the possibility that Desdemona has sexual desires frightens and bewilders him: †¦O curse of marriage That we can call these creatures ours And not their appetites! Iago also reflects this possessiveness over his wife. He accuses Cassio and Othello of having leapt into his ‘seat' which implies he owns Emilia, and is astounded when she defiantly reveals his malice at the end: I will not charm my tongue†¦ What, are you mad? I charge you get you home. Brabantio's response to his daughter's marriage holds a similar attitude. Desdemona, a â€Å"maiden never bold,† so still and quiet that she was scared of her own shadow, has been â€Å"stolen† from him. He clearly does not understand his daughter well for we soon see she is strong and assertive: That I did love the Moor to live with him. My downright violence and scorn†¦ May trumpet to the world.† Throughout the play Roderigo's behaviour is a prime example of how the men view the women as possessions. Hopelessly romanticising Desdemona, (who is not aware of his existence, let alone his love for her) he relentlessly pursues her attempting to purchase her through Iago: Therefore make money†¦ I'll sell all my land. Iago speaks of Othello's marriage in terms of piracy and of Desdemona as a treasure ship, reinforcing his ideas of women as possessions: †¦he hath tonight boarded a land-carack. Interestingly, Emilia comments on this weakness of all men. In contrast to the men's complete misconceptions about women, Emilia shows awareness and perceptiveness of the opposite sex. She does understand that men stereotype women and forget they have their own minds: †¦Let husbands know their wives have sense like them: they see and smell, And have palates for both sweet and sour As husbands have. She recognises the jealousy of men's natures. They are not ever jealous for the cause, But jealous for they are jealous. However, although she succinctly predicts what is behind Othello's behaviour, for all her worldliness, she fails to pinpoint the blame to her own husband. This suggests that maybe she doesn't know him that well to consider him capable of such malice. â€Å"The Moor's abused by some most villainous knave.† Preoccupied with honour, the men categorise women into either ‘whores' or ‘Madonnas,' and fail to recognise them as individuals. Desdemona, a real ‘lady,' is continually referred to as â€Å"divine† and all the men greatly esteem her. Their respect is close to worship. Casio says: You men of Cyprus, let her have your knees. Hail to thee, Lady! Roderigo swears he loves her enough to â€Å"incontinently drown† himself. Even Iago says â€Å"Now I do love her too†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and suggests he would like to sleep with her. Bianca, on the other hand, is immediately shunned for being a prostitute and is not worthy of such high regard. The play's humanisation of her undercuts the men's one-dimensional perception: I am no strumpet, but of life as honest As you that thus abuse me. Unlike Desdemona, men cannot align their honour with such a woman as she has been ‘used' and is no longer ‘pure.' In contrast to his approach to the ‘divine Desdemona' Cassio says of Bianca, â€Å"I marry her! What! A customer!† He is indifferent to her love for him, and Bianca does not realise that he will never take her seriously but always see her as a whore: ‘Tis such another fitchew! Marry, a perfumed one! Desdemona does not understand how men can label women ‘whores' for she insists that such a woman does not exist, and she therefore does not understand men's preoccupation with honour: -tell me, Emilia – That there be women do abuse their husbands In such gross kind? Misogynistic attitudes perpetrated by Iago and eventually developed in Othello reveal a distrust of women, and affirm the lack of understanding between the sexes. To Iago, all women are whores. â€Å"You rise to play and got to bed to work.† He is rude to his own wife and unhesitatingly kills her. â€Å"Villainous whore!† (He stabs her.) With Iago's manipulation, Othello adopts these views and his ‘divine' Desdemona falls straight from Madonna to whore. She has tainted his reputation and wounded his ego, (or so he believes) and he must kill her before she corrupts other men. â€Å"Yet she must die, else she'll betray more men.† His words to her become bitter and scathing: I took you for that cunning whore of Venice That married with Othello. The combination of their honour and misunderstanding of women makes the men easily jealous. We see this in their quickness to damn their wives as adulteresses without concrete evidence. Othello is so distrusting, the absence of a handkerchief becomes the ‘ocular' proof, when ironically he has seen nothing. His jealousy makes him willing to condemn. â€Å"Damn her, lewd minx!† Iago also accuses his wife with unfounded suspicion of sleeping with Cassio and Othello: He's done my office. I know not if it be true, But I, for mere suspicion in that kind, Will do as if for surety.† The men and women in Othello do not understand each other. The men's preoccupation with honour and romantic ideals of love, leads them to misunderstand women viewing them as either whores or Madonnas and possessions for men. The women, in contrast, are more mature and realistic. However women such as Desdemona overestimate the men and are unable to empathise with their attitudes, or recognise their jealous natures.

Biology in Everyday Life

Biology Ariticle Summary #2 How Darwin won the evolution race Stem cells are defined by their ability to self-renew or to differentiate into a range of somatic cell types. Adult stem cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells are found in specialized niches within the body and have been studied for decades. Much of our knowledge about these cells is based on in vitro experiments but the effects of moving them from their in vivo niche to culture conditions are unclear. This Perspective from Penney Gilbert and colleagues from the USA and Sweden focuses on adult stem cells found in skeletal muscle, also known as satellite cells.They address the problem that, once extracted from muscle and placed into culture, satellite cells quickly lose their ability to self-renew, complicating studies into their biology. The development of new bioengineering approaches, such as hydrogel microwell arrays, could solve this problem. These approaches can accurately monitor the behavior of satellite cells and provide robust data sets, thanks to the number of different tests that can be carried out in parallel. To illustrate the usefulness of such tools, the authors show how stem cell division and self-renewal can be tracked in clonal assays using time-lapse microscopy.By increasing the stiffness of the hydrogel microwells in the assays, satellite cells can be maintained in culture for up to one week and successfully engraft back into mouse muscle. Stem cells hold the potential to become part of powerful medical treatments and therapies, but only if we understand how we are changing them by removing them from their niche. This Perspective pushes this issue to the fore and offers some suggestions as to how we can further improve stem cell culture http://the-scientist. com/2012/04/01/are-cancer-stem-cells-ready-for-prime-time/

Supporting and assessing learning in practice settings NM3272 Essay

Supporting and assessing learning in practice settings NM3272 - Essay Example This method is found to be very effective as it provides feedback on what and how much a student has learnt, and on how effective the teaching methods are. A learner can be observed when presenting a certain procedure on a cadaver or volunteer and in this way, the tutor or assessor can grade the student on the basis of real life presentation. This enables in providing two way feedback the on effectiveness of teaching methods while at the same time, the learner gets to know his or her prowess on reproduction of skills. Learners can also be assessed by observation when checking proficiency of emergency equipment like cardiopulmonary machines. Interviewing is another way of assessing the learner in the same area. It can be done orally with previously prepared questions or orally where a learner explains a concept orally for assessment. Both methods are very effective as they allow direct assessment of specific knowledge and skills. They are also important in measuring application and synthesis cognitive skills. Unlike interviews, observation provides the opportunity to observe real practice for instance presentation on endo-tracheal suction on a dummy. Observations also provide less chance for cheating as random questions can be asked while the task is being performed. Interviews with pre-test questions allow a student to be more comfortable unlike observing a student, which can sometimes seem like prying on private space. Positive feedbacks were given during preparation and assistance in emergencies training sessions. Feedback is not to be considered as a single event the concept is more than that of an expert correcting a learner’s error. Formally, a learner is allowed to construct their own understanding of the task and formulating corresponding goals and strategies for achieving them (Nicole and Macfarlane 2006, p.303). In this way, positive feedback enables the learner identify problematic areas and direct all energy to

Domestic Violence Cycles Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Domestic Violence Cycles - Term Paper Example The victims are usually women, children, elderly people, physically or mentally challenged persons and partners in gay or lesbian relationship (Steiner, 1996). Domestic violence is a far-reaching and social problem which has raised many serious debates. While many sociologists argue that domestic violence is mainly a male- perpetrated issue, many others believe that women are as violent as men in intimate relationships. The issue of domestic violence, especially against women, is not new and in fact, the domestic violence movement is at least 3 decades old. The movement has caught a lot of public awareness and has got many protective laws enacted. Many extensive networks of services have been started to help the victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence can be either physical - where there is danger of harm to any part of the victims body; psychological and emotional - where the offender abuses the victim verbally or criticizes her in front of others or causes embarrassment, despair, sadness or terror; sexual- wherein the victim suffers rape or any other derogatory treatment; economical- the offender tortures the victim by causing financial tensions, not allowing her to spend or asking her penny-to-penny accounts of what is being spent; or social- where the victim is not given freedom to meet her friends and relatives or attend social gatherings. Other methods of harassment include blackmailing, following, unwanted emails, and phone calls, etc. Children, elderly and the disabled may also suffer by sheer negligence like not giving food, shelter, and clothes properly or not giving medical aid in time. Also, children may suffer by just looking at their mother being beaten up (Davies, Smith and deBenedictis, 2008). According to the 1998 Commonwealth fund survey, nearly 31% of American women report being abused by their partners at some point in their lives (Commonwealth Fund, 1999).

The Italians in Italy and the United States Research Paper

The Italians in Italy and the United States - Research Paper Example Many Italian immigrants and Italian Americans made contributions in various fields such as science, entertainment and the military. While the number of people immigrating to the United States from Italy has decreased in recent years immigrants that come are inspired by the opportunities offered. The population of Italy is expected to decrease dramatically due to the declining birth rate. This combined with the unstable economy of Italy may contribute to a loss of its identity. Many Italian American organizations fear that future generations will not know about the positive aspects of their heritage due to the negative stereotypes of Italians perpetuated by the media. The Italians in Italy and the United States The Italians in Italy and in the United States brought a rich heritage to both nations. In Italy and in America Italians made contributions in various aspects of society throughout history. However factors such as a slow population growth in Italy, a decrease in immigration fro m Italy to the United States, an unstable economy and negative stereotypes of this ethnic group threaten that heritage. Italians in Italy and in America are threatened with the loss of their identity and uniqueness. Italians are no longer the predominant immigrant group in the United States. The future of Italy is imperiled by its stagnant growth. The paper will discuss current and past immigration trends of Italians, contributions made by Italians in Italy and the U.S, the current state of Italy as well as negative stereotypes of Italians. In the 1880’s massive economic decline and an overpopulated nation resulted in a dramatic increase in Italian immigration to the United States. ... Some early Italian migrants were young men who wanted to work for brief periods and then return to Italy. Others would settle in America in predominantly Italian areas. The men mostly did physical labor which included building the communication infrastructure. â€Å"The Italian contribution to the refining of America also derives from the immigrant labor used to build reservoirs, streetcar lines, subways, railroads and buildings to pave streets and to install and repair sewage lines.† (Scarpaci & Mormino p.12) Italian immigrants brought with them an agrarian, family oriented culture that placed emphasis on hard work as a means to succeed and survive. They felt that during troubled times, they can always trust in family. Throughout most of the 20th century there was a gradually increasing influx of immigrants from Italy who would settle in America. During the 1920s most Americans were leading prosperous lives and many Italian American colonies received infusions of capital deri ved as a result of breaking Prohibition laws. Most Italian Americans were adversely affected by the Great Depression. As a result they became part of Franklin D. Roosevelt's Democratic coalition. From World War 2 to the 1950s and 1960s more Italian Americans were middle class due to ample employment opportunities. By the mid-1970s Italian American young people were attending college at the national average. According to Census Bureau data, Italian Americans have an average high school graduation rate, and a higher rate of college and post graduate degrees compared to the national average. (Scarpaci & Mormino, 2008)From 1998 to 2002 many college students throughout the United States took classes to learn Italian. It is the fourth most commonly taught foreign language in U.S.

Introduction to Managerial Accounting Research Paper

Introduction to Managerial Accounting - Research Paper Example In addition, what price should be charged to the product to replace the production costs and earn a profit that is optimal? In addition, they have to plan how to finance the operations and how to manage the available cash. That is important in keeping the activities of the business to work smoothly. Â · Decision making. Managers need managerial accounting information when they decide whether or not to commence a certain project. Managerial accounting will help them compare the benefits of various opportunities and help them decide which ones to choose. Â · Performance measurement. Managers have to compare the budgeted figures to evaluate the performance of the business to actual results of the operation. They will have to use certain techniques of managerial accounting such as standard costing to assess the performance of various departments (Weygandt, Kieso, & Kimmel, 2010). Managerial accountants keep record financial information for their firms that are used by the management team of the company to aid in the process of decision-making. Managerial accountants do develop budgets, perform asset, cost management, and create necessary reports to be used by the Directorate team. In every company managers to significantly depend on the data provided by managerial accountants to develop business strategies that are effective. Owners of small business make most of the decisions within their company. The data offered by managerial accountants can affect the liability of the owner to make business decisions that are sound (Weygandt, Kieso, & Kimmel, 2010). The main purpose of managerial accounting in business is to support decision making by collecting, processing, and communicating helpful information that would assist the managers. The information would help the managers to plan, control, and evaluate the processes of the business and strategy of the company (Albrecht, 2007).